First,
 you need to determine if it is local waste produced in your home that 
can't get out due to a blockage in the main line leaving your home, or 
if it is waste from the sewer system coming back in (called a backflow).
A blockage can occur if a portion of the
 line has broken, but generally a blockage is caused by roots that have 
grown into the line, or by something flushed down a toilet that has 
lodged in the drain pipe.
When this happens, you will see evidence of your basement drain backing up as the lowest point in the system (generally the basement drain overflows) is where the evidence is visible.
Chemical products may work to open the 
drain, but running a snake through the line is generally necessary.  In 
the case of roots of invading the basement drain line, a power snake 
with sharp cutting blades must be used to cut through the roots.
With your own local waste backing up 
it's one thing, but when nasty, contaminated waste from hundreds of 
neighbors starts pouring into your home, it becomes a whole different 
issue.
In this case, usually due to high levels
 of rainfall temporarily raising the water overall table, the system 
will be overwhelmed.  If the lowest drain in your basement (or other 
shower drain or toilet) is lower than this temporarily raised water 
level, you will find your basement drain backing up.  In some 
cases the pressure created by the raised water level is so great that 
water raw sewage will be spewing several feet into the room from 
basement drains.
There is only one way to prevent this particular condition of your basement drain backing up;
 the installation of a gate to keep the unwanted reverse flow out.  Some
 of these gates are manual and must be manually inserted or manually 
turned closed.
The best are automated solutions called "Backwater Valves" or "Backflow Preventers"
A Backwater Valve
 automatically senses a reverse flow (water flowing the wrong direction 
and back into your home) in your main line and completely closes it off 
from the sewer system outside.  This prevents your basement drain backing up.
A Mainline brand 4963 Backwater Valve installed in the main line below your basement floor is one of the most economical and effective ways that you can prevent your basement drain from backing up.
If I've heard it once, I've heard it a thousand times, "I just had my basement drain overflow, and naturally I was I was . . . at work . . . asleep . . . out of town . . . on vacation.  In these cases, the fact that a backwater valve
 works automatically is worth  the associated costs of the valve and 
installation.  As many know, what's as stake is thousands of dollars of 
damage to the basement living space, not to mention the health hazards 
caused by the bacteria in the raw sewage produced by hundreds or even 
thousands of your neighbors.
Some people simply insert a plug into 
their basement drain in an attempt to stop a basement drain backup, but 
in a case where groundwater comes in when there is not a mainline 
backup, the end result is also flooding.  Additionally, the force of 
incoming water can simply push these plugs up and out of the way leaving
 you unprotected.   A good automated backflow valve is the best solution
 to avoiding a basement drain overflow that lets water in the basement.
The single biggest advantage of the 
Mainline brand Backwater valve is that it uses a patented normally open 
design.  When properly installed with a required minimum slope of 2% (or
 more), water and effluent leaving the dwelling works to continuously 
self-clean the gate, keeping it free and ready to seal when you need it 
most.  There are hundreds of cheap normally closed valves on the market 
that are destined to fail as debris accumulates at the sealing point.  
The patented Mainline brand is the single brand backwater valve available with a self-cleaning normally open design.
source: backwater-valves.com
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